ISPEC International Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Insecure Attachment in Romantic Relationship: A Case Report

2025-04-28T00:43:44+03:00

The purpose of this case study is to transfer the psychotherapy process performed with the insecure attachment style, which is one of the attachment styles based on Attachment Theory, of a client who feels insecure by thinking that his partner has a tendency to cheat and lie in romantic relationships. The client is 24 years old and a woman. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy school has been used in the psychotherapy process. The client stated the reason for starting therapy as “I want to know myself”. A target list was created jointly with the client, and trust problems experienced in relationships were identified as a priority target, and this issue was continued. First of all, a therapeutic relationship was established with the client, and then it was decided on the school of therapy to be used in the sessions. The relationships that the client has experienced have been discussed in detail, the issues that he has mistrust have been identified and the reasons for the mistrust have been investigated. By solving these reasons one by one, the client has made a great progress in the therapy process.

Evolution of Libraries with Artificial Intelligence in the Digital Transformation Process

2025-03-20T03:35:22+03:00

Artificial intelligence has emerged as a transformative force for libraries, as it has for many other areas on a global scale, reshaping library operations, services, and user interactions. Early automation efforts in cataloging and inventory management in the 1970s paved the way for today’s developments. This study questions the role and meaning of artificial intelligence for libraries in light of the data obtained from scanning domestic and foreign literature. The scope of the study consists of the concept of the library with its historical background, the relationship between library and technology, the concept of artificial intelligence and its sub-technologies, the role and meaning of artificial intelligence in libraries, and the conclusion and recommendations. Thus, the study provides a perspective on the evolution of libraries from the past to the present and their technological development combined with artificial intelligence. The study's findings show that despite the many opportunities that artificial intelligence offers libraries, education and awareness on this subject are insufficient. As well as financial investments, collaborations, and qualified education programs are essential in libraries in Türkiye and worldwide to use artificial intelligence effectively. Establishing relevant standards, guidelines, and legal frameworks for successful implementation is crucial. Considering the decisiveness of artificial intelligence for the future of libraries, it is recommended that these challenges be addressed and solution-oriented approaches be adopted.

Destination Decision-Making Process of Honeymoon Tourists

2025-04-28T00:32:21+03:00

The process of an individual's travel planning has always been an important issue in terms of understanding the behavior of tourists. The decision-making process of choosing a destination constitutes one of the vital stages of travel planning. Statistics show that honeymooners have grown to be a significant market segment for the tourism industry. This paper is substantial in terms of exploring this growing market segment's decision-making process when selecting a honeymoon destination. Even Though honeymoon tourists’ behavior continues to emerge as one of the trend topics in tourism and hospitality studies, there is limited research on the destination decision-making process of honeymooners. In the study, data was collected through in-depth interviews with 21 couples planning to go on their honeymoon in the summer season of 2015 and the responses were analyzed with content analysis. According to the study results, the push motives affecting the destination selection of honeymooners are relaxation, knowledge, prestige, and honeymoon-related factors. The findings also revealed that honeymoon tourists are attracted by destination attributes such as: accessibility, natural and cultural resources, facilities, and honeymoon-related amenities offered by the tourism companies. The decision-making process is dominated by females, mostly because they are more sensitive about the honeymoon holiday.

Interaction Dynamics of Runic Symbols on Instagram: A Comparative Analysis of Rune Miracle and Rune Realm Pages

2025-03-20T22:52:52+03:00

This study aims to comparatively analyze the interaction rates of the content shared on two different Instagram pages, Rune Miracle and Rune Land, to reveal which themes users' interest is directed towards and the changes in these interactions over time. In this study, the interaction rates of the posts shared on the Rune Miracle and Rune Land Instagram pages were analyzed using the content analysis method. Within the scope of the study, the number of likes, comments and shares were compared on the basis of the categories (General Topics, Money-Abundance-Prosperity, Love-Marriage-Relationships, Home-Car Buying-Selling, Work-Relationships, Success). The data was analyzed on a monthly and annual basis to determine which content users showed more interest in certain time periods. The findings showed that users showed intense interest in certain themes (love, money, general satisfaction, health, etc.) and that posts shared under these themes received more likes, comments and interactions. The study revealed that users were particularly interested in themes such as “Love-Marriage-Relationships” and “Money-Abundance-Prosperity”, and that content shared under these themes received more engagement. In general, posts under “General Topics” received the highest engagement, but engagement rates vary by page. The Rune Miracle page saw the highest engagement in December, while the Rune Realm page saw the highest engagement in December 2024. Moreover, for both pages, engagement rates were lower at the beginning of the year and higher towards the end of the year. The content that received the highest engagement was under the headings “Love-Marriage-Relationships” and “General Topics”, while the lowest engagement was generally experienced during the summer months and on some specific topics. These results have important implications for social media content management and marketing strategies. Platform owners and content producers can use this data to understand which types of content attract more attention and shape their posts accordingly. They can also manage their strategies more effectively by analyzing how engagement rates change over certain periods. Future studies could focus on analyzing these interactions in more detail and delving deeper into user behavior.

The Geographical Codes of Nationalism: The Mutual Construction of National Identity and Space

2025-05-14T20:40:33+03:00

The relationship between nationalism and geography plays a critical role in analyzing the spatial foundations of nation-state imaginaries. National identities are not confined to political discourses but are profoundly shaped by geographic practices such as the demarcation of borders, narratives of sacred territories, and the construction of symbolic spaces. While nationalist ideologies instrumentalize geography, geographic elements simultaneously reinforce myths that sustain a sense of national belonging. This reciprocal interaction reveals how collective memory is encoded and reproduced through space. Existing literature on the geographic underpinnings of nationalism has largely remained confined to theoretical debates, with insufficient attention to how discourses and practices intertwine through concrete examples. Aiming to address this gap, this study investigates the strategies through which nationalist discourses naturalize space and the active role of geography in constructing national identity, adopting a comparative perspective. Within this framework, cases selected from diverse geographic and cultural contexts are analyzed through an interdisciplinary lens. The research employs qualitative methods, focusing on case studies from Turkiye, Israel-Palestine, and Hungary. Discourse analysis of official documents and political texts deciphers the spatial representations embedded in nationalist ideologies, while visual geography methods—examining maps, monuments, and symbolic landscapes—expose how these representations resonate within societal perceptions. For instance, border policies emphasizing territorial integrity or historical monuments rendering collective identity visible exemplify the politicized instrumentalization of geography. The study seeks to build an interdisciplinary bridge between critical geography and nationalism studies. Central to this dialogue is the dynamic interplay through which nationalist discourses both produce and derive legitimacy from geography. The transformation of sacred territorial narratives into spatial practices or the use of symbolic spaces as tools of political legitimacy underscores the constructed nature of national identity. These findings demonstrate that space is not a static backdrop but an active component of political struggle. Within the context of globalization and border politics, the transformation of nationalist geographies constitutes a significant area of inquiry. Contemporary examples, such as nation-states’ border security policies or historical territorial claims, illustrate how geography is reinterpreted through nationalist imaginaries. This analysis reveals how nationalism’s spatial strategies are shaped by both local and global political dynamics. By doing so, the study contributes innovative theoretical and practical insights to the literature, advancing our understanding of the interplay between space, power, and identity in a globalized world.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Self-Esteem Deficiency: A Case Report

2025-06-05T22:26:40+03:00

The study was carried out by taking the theorists into consideration. The client showing symptoms is 31 years old and female. Interviews with the client were conducted according to the cognitive behavioral therapy approach. The client stated that she did not know what she wanted due to the difficulties she experienced in her business life and that she was currently at a turning point in her life. She stated that she felt obliged to do everything perfectly because it was her own business. He stated that he could not bear the words coming to his name and surname when something went wrong and that he got very angry. He stated that due to these situations, he gained weight, lost his self-confidence and experienced high job anxiety. She sought treatment with complaints of insomnia at night when her work was interrupted. The client was first given psychoeducation about CBT. Then, information was given about lack of self-esteem. Information was given about what lack of self-esteem is, how it occurs, and coping techniques. An attempt was made to establish a therapeutic relationship with the client. A total of 5 interviews were held with the client. The duration of each meeting is 50 minutes. The interviews were conducted in collaboration with the client. Throughout the psychotherapy process, cognitive and behavioral methods appropriate to the client were used. As a result of the interviews with the client, it was observed that cognitive behavioral therapy applications significantly reduced the symptoms of low self-esteem. For this reason, CBT school is an effective method in the treatment of lack of self-esteem.

A Review of Common Therapeutic Approaches in the Clinical Intervention of Histrionic Personality Disorder

2025-05-24T16:32:44+03:00

Histrionic Personality Disorder has been defined as an interpersonal regulation disorder characterized by dramatic, attention-seeking behavioral patterns accompanied by superficially intense affect, with community-based studies reporting a 2% prevalence rate. The present review was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of common therapeutic approaches employed in the clinical management of Histrionic Personality Disorder. Within the scope of the review methodology, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and case reports that met predefined inclusion criteria were critically analyzed and their findings synthesized. The primary objective of the study was determined to be the comparison of the contributions made by psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive-behavioral, and third-wave therapy models to the reduction of histrionic symptoms and the enhancement of functional outcomes. It was reported that integrative psychodynamic-behavioral applications yielded rapid decreases in attention-seeking behaviors and increases in emotional awareness, while structured cognitive-behavioral protocols were reported to have strengthened decision-making abilities and self-coherence. In long-term psychoanalytic interventions, deep identity integration was supported, whereas Functional Analytic Psychotherapy was observed to produce significant reductions in both histrionic and comorbid behaviors. The clinical efficacy of multimodal and integrative approaches is underscored by the review findings, and it is recommended that future research employ large- sample randomized controlled trials, standardized measurement instruments, and long-term follow-up protocols.

A Review on the Role of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Program in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

2025-05-24T16:35:30+03:00

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a persistent psychopathology marked by re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal following exposure to trauma. The eight-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program which integrates mindfulness meditation and body-awareness exercises has been advanced as an adjunctive strategy for mitigating PTSD symptoms. In the present review, full-text clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, narrative reviews, monographs, and dissertations were retrieved from Google Scholar using both Turkish and English search terms, then appraised against explicit inclusion criteria. Such comprehensive syntheses aim to collate and critically evaluate the extant scientific literature on the topic. The principal objective was to holistically assess evidence concerning the therapeutic utility of MBSR for individuals diagnosed with PTSD and to outline clinical implications. Findings from randomized controlled trials indicate that participation in MBSR yields moderate decreases in overall PTSD symptomatology, along with ancillary gains in depressive symptoms and self-regulation capacities; these benefits generally persist at four- to six-month follow-up assessments. Collectively, the data support MBSR as a valuable complementary modality in PTSD care, while underscoring the necessity for future long-term, controlled investigations across varied age, gender, and cultural populations.

Navigating Teaching Without Pedagogical Training: An Ecological Perspective

2025-06-25T12:17:11+03:00

Although substantial scholarly attention has been devoted to the challenges encountered by novice teachers possessing formal Initial Teacher Education (ITE) qualifications, the professional experiences of individuals entering the teaching profession without such preparation remain markedly underexplored. Anchored in the ecological model of teacher agency, the present study investigates the affordances and constraints encountered by English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers with non-ITE backgrounds during their inaugural year of teaching in Turkish state secondary schools. Employing a qualitative research design, data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 purposively selected participants serving in diverse educational settings across Turkey. Thematic analysis of the interview data indicates that the absence of formal pedagogical training gives rise to notable impediments, including insufficient theoretical and methodological grounding in instructional practices, perceived marginalisation by colleagues with ITE credentials, and challenges in constructing a coherent professional identity. Nevertheless, the analysis also uncovers salient affordances, such as interdisciplinary academic foundations, diverse experiential capital acquired through alternative career trajectories, elevated levels of intrinsic motivation, and a pronounced propensity for pedagogical innovation. The study concludes by discussing the implications for teacher education policy and institutional practice in Turkey, advocating for differentiated support structures that both address the distinct challenges faced by non-ITE teachers and harness their unique professional assets.