ISPEC International Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities

The Effect Of Stress On Diseases A Review On

Tuğba KURAL — 2024-06-24

The concept of stress, despite being as old as human history, has often been a challenging process to define. Due to the personal nature of the causes of stress experienced by each individual, it can be said that everyone has their own unique experience of stress. Stress is one of the prevalent health issues of our time. Any situation that creates a difference in our daily lives can be a source of stress. Stress has led to an increase in diseases and behavioral disorders associated with stress worldwide. Events, conflicts, and problems encountered in daily life can also affect the level of stress. Recognizing stress, returning to its source, and adopting a conscious approach to reduce its effects are important steps. Stressful situations in an individual's life serve as negative environmental stimuli that activate the body's fight or flight response, affecting the endocrine and nervous systems. Research has examined the effects of stress on physical health. In the last decade, the effects of depression and stress on heart diseases have become more prominent. If chronic stress persists for a long time, symptoms can range from mild discomfort to fatigue, anxiety, digestive problems, headaches, and skin issues. While long-term stress is known to be harmful, short-term stress lasting minutes or hours is thought to have protective effects on the immune system. Acute stress can lead to effects such as increased traffic of dendritic cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes in the immune system, maturation and development of cytokines, and increased cytokine production at local and systemic levels. The effects of stress on conditions such as cardiovascular diseases,cancer, clinical depression, and HIV/AIDS are well known. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and completely eliminating stress is quite challenging, as stress factors exist in many aspects of life and some are necessary for success, energy, and growth. Developing coping strategies and making efforts to restore inner balance are important. This can involve various methods such as improving stress management skills, seeking support, or problem-solving.

On Somatoform Disorder and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Systematic Review

Melis Nur ÖTER — 2024-06-24

The aim of this review study is to examine the use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in individuals with somatoform disorders. In this study, the systematic review method was used and no field study or any scale was used. The studies discussed Turkish and english are between the years 2006-2024. These studies consist of case reports and review articles. This compilation study was carried out in two stages: February, 2024 and May, 2024. As a result of the literature review, 6 studies were considered. As a result of these 6 studies, it was seen that CBT is a therapy method that increases compliance with therapy and accelerates recovery, and is an effective method in terms of achieving results in a short time. It has been found that the symptoms significantly decrease and disappear after applying cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in individuals with somatoform symptoms. For this reason, cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective method in somatoform treatment.

Technological Innovations And Management In Esports

Muhammed Hüseyin OCAK — 2024-06-24

Esports have become a significant part of contemporary digital culture, attracting attention with their interdisciplinary interactions and strategic and technological roles. This study examines the definition, scope, and related technological innovations of esports; it also explores various aspects such as team management, audience experiences, event management, marketing and brand management, data analytics, virtual and augmented reality applications, media relations, and legal frameworks. The aim of the research is to thoroughly investigate the multidimensional structure of esports, thereby revealing current and potential strategies within this field. The research was conducted using qualitative methodologies, involving both primary and secondary source reviews. It utilized international scholarly articles, conference proceedings, sector reports, and official publications from esports organizations. The findings indicate that esports play a critical role in the digitalization process and offer significant opportunities across a wide range of management to marketing. Technological innovations enrich audience experiences, while event management and media relations enhance global interactions within esports. Furthermore, esports target a young, tech-savvy demographic, opening new marketing channels for brands. This study aims to provide a foundational resource for better understanding and comprehensively addressing the esports sector, offering data that could guide future research.

A General Review On Daily Life And Stress Management

Sultan İŞÇİ — 2024-06-24

Stress is the physiological and psychological response to perceived threats or demands, whether real or imagined. It can manifest as a feeling of pressure, tension, or emotional strain, often triggered by a variety of factors such as work deadlines, financial difficulties, relationship problems, or major changes in life. Stress, which is described as a kind of disease of society in our daily life, is a factor that negatively affects people's lives and has become an

indispensable part of daily life. The important point is that people know how to cope with stress. In the review article, articles between 2006 and 2022 were discussed. This article aims to reduce the level of stress experienced by individuals. There are some methods used to cope with stress: exercise, relaxation techniques, meditations, nutrition, developing a positive attitude, etc. methods. In order for individuals to manage stress, they must first know what stress means, how stress occurs, its symptoms and its consequences. If these methods are used more, the individual will experience less stress. Individuals may need to be aware of these techniques and use them more frequently. It is thought that individuals with high stress management may be less likely to suffer from stress. In fact, the desired stress level is neither too much nor too little; the desired stress level is short-term stress at a medium level. I think stress should be a part of our lives somewhere, so that it can motivate us and keep us focused on a job we have started or will do. Stress may always create the perception of something bad or negative, but if it is managed well, it can always be turned into an opportunity. For this reason, our review article was written to emphasize the importance of stress, its formation mechanism, symptoms and correct, effective stress management.

A Review On Major Depressive Disorder And CBT Therapy

Erem ÇELİK — 2024-06-24

The aim of this review study is to examine the use and effectiveness of CBT therapy in individuals with major depression. In this study, the review method was used and no field study or any scale was used. As a result of the examination of the studies evaluating the effectiveness of CBT in the treatment of major depression, it was found that CBT is an effective therapy method in reducing the symptoms of major depression and has an effectiveness comparable to other treatment approaches. It emphasises that CBT plays an important role in the treatment of major depression and is an effective option to improve the quality of life of individuals. Synthesising the available information on the role of CBT in the treatment of major depression shows that it can be an effective and reliable therapy in clinical practice.

Review On Obsessive Compulsive Disorder And Schema Therapy

Ezgi ÇALIŞKAN — 2024-06-24

The aim of this review study is to examine the use and effectiveness of schema therapy in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. In this study, the review method was used and no field study or any scale was used. As a result of the studies, it was found that schema therapy in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder helps the healing process of obsessive-compulsive disorder, reduces obsessive-compulsive symptoms and has a high level of effectiveness compared to other treatment methods. It has been observed that schema therapy plays an important role in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and is an effective method to achieve results in a short time. For this reason, it has been revealed as a result of the researches that schema therapy can be an effective and reliable therapy in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Review On Generalized Anxiety Disorder And Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Buse KARAEL — 2024-06-24

The purpose of this review study is to examine the use of cognitive behavioral therapy in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. In this study, the compilation method was used and no field work or any scale was used. The studies discussed only in English are between 2009 and 2018. These studies consist of randomized controlled studies. This compilation study was carried out in two stages, February 2024 and May 2024. As a result of the literature review, 6 studies were considered. As a result of these 6 studies, it was seen that CBT is a therapy method that increases compliance with therapy and accelerates recovery, and is an effective method in terms of achieving results in a short time. It has been found that symptoms significantly decrease and disappear after CBT therapy is applied to individuals experiencing GAD. For this reason, CBT therapy is an effective method in the treatment of GAD.

The Effect Of Anxiety On Positive Psychotherapy

Doğuş ENGİN — 2024-06-24

The purpose of this study is to review the literature on the use of positive psychotherapy in individuals with anxiety using a systematic review method. In this study, the systematic review method was used. In the research, review articles published in Turkish and English from the Google Scholar database between 2009 and 2024 were evaluated. This compilation study was carried out in two stages, February 2024 and the second in June 2024. Among these review studies, only 6 appropriate cross-cutting studies were taken into consideration. According to the results of the 6 articles we mentioned in our research, when positive psychotherapy is applied to anxiety disorders, anxiety can be reduced or it is an effective therapy method in eliminating anxiety. It has been found that PPT provides earlier improvement and faster recovery in anxiety symptoms than other methods. We predict that conducting research on anxiety in the positive psychotherapy school will contribute to our literature.

Compilation On Social Anxiety Disorder And Mindfulness

Eda AKBULUT — 2024-06-24

The purpose of this review study is to examine the use of Mindfulness therapy in individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder. In this study, the compilation method was used and no field study or any scale was used. As a result of the studies, it has been seen that the mindfulness therapy method is a healing, low-cost and treatable method. It has been found that the symptoms decrease and disappear in a short time after the mindfulness therapy method is applied to individuals suffering from Social Anxiety Disorder, and it is a positive treatment method. For this reason, mindfulness therapy is an effective method in the treatment of social anxiety disorder.

Review On Obsessive Compulsive Disorder And Acceptance And Commitment Therapy

Sunagül KAYMAKLILI — 2024-06-24

The aim of this review is to examine the use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. This study employs a review methodology, without the use of fieldwork or any specific scales. The result of this study indicate that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is effective in reducing symptoms, enhancing quality life and providing significant improvements in individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.

Systematic Review On Depression And Acceptance And Commitment Therapy

Fatma Ece ATEŞ — 2024-06-24

This study investigated the effectiveness and applicability of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as a method of addressing and managing depression. In this study, the systematic review method was used and no field study or any scale was used. The studies in English and Turkish are between the years 2017-2024. These studies consist of research articles. This review study was carried out in two stages, February 2024 and May 2024. As a result of the literature review, 6 studies were analysed. As a result of these 6 studies, it was observed that ACT is effective in the treatment of depression and helps in the recovery process. It was concluded that symptoms decreased and improved after ACT was applied in individuals with depression. For this reason, ACT is an effective method in the treatment of depression. It was concluded that ACT is an effective method in the treatment of depression, as a result of this screening data, ACT is an effective and usable model in the treatment of depression.

Examination Of The Relationship Between Earthquake Anxiety, Anxiety, Stress And Depression In Turkey From The Perspective Of Psycological Flexibility

Sedanur KARAKIŞ — 2024-06-24

Earthquakes deeply affect many countries worldwide. As a result of the destructive earthquakes experienced in Turkey, many people have suffered both materially and spiritually. Earthquake anxiety arises as a result of the destructive earthquakes experienced. Our country has experienced many destructive earthquakes. Especially the earthquakes on February 6 2023 have led to an increase in earthquake anxiety in individuals. The purpose of this study is to examine earthquake anxiety, anxiety,stress and depression that occur after major earthquakes in Turkey from the perspective of psychological flexibility. The study was conducted using the relational research method, which is one of the quantitative research methods. The population of the study consisted of adults aged 18 and over living in Turkey. The sample was created using the unknown sample method and consisted of 500 Turkish-speaking individuals aged 18 and over. The data for this study were collected using an informed consent form, a sociodemographic information form, the Psychological Flexibility Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. According to the results of the research, it has been found that anxiety,stress,depresion scale and earthquske anxiety scores statistically significantly and negatively predicted psychological flexibility scores. Based on these results, it is thought that as the level of psychological flexibility increases, depression, anxiety,stress and earthquake anxiety will decrease, and as psychological flexibility decreases, depression, anxiety, stress and earthquake anxiety may increase. Based on these findings, when initiatives aimed at increasing psychological flexibility are taken and awareness of psychological flexibility is raised in society, reductions in levels of depression, anxiety,stress and earthquake anxiety can be observed.

A Review On The Intermediary Role Of Psychological Flexibility In Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms In The Victims Of The 2023 Hatay Earthquake

İlayda ÇAVUŞOĞLU — 2024-06-24

Earthquakes and other disasters such as floods, fires, landslides, avalanches cause great destruction, injuries and losses. Therefore, the disasters experienced have individual and social effects. The sudden occurrence of disasters evokes feelings of fear and helplessness and causes destruction. For this reason, disasters are considered a traumatic event. As a result of the research, the participants. It was concluded that psychological flexibility predicted post-traumatic stress symptoms significantly and negatively. In the study, it was concluded that post-traumatic stress symptoms and psychological resilience have a full mediating role.

Personality Development from Jung's Perspective

Bekir ERBEKİR — 2024-06-24

The aim of this review article is to explain personality development from Carl Gustav Jung's perspective. Theories about personality development date back to Hippocrates. Personality is defined as the characteristics that come with the birth of an individual and distinguish him from others. Jung, who read Freud's book The Interpretation of Dreams in 1903, was greatly influenced by Freud. However, since Freud's theory was based on sexuality, it did not coincide with Jung's thoughts. With this difference of opinion, he officially parted ways with Freud in 1914 and continued his studies under the title of analytical psychology. Jung, who discusses human life in two basic parts: integration and individualization, explains that consciousness, personal unconscious and collective unconscious are the parts that make up the human soul. While drawing attention to the effect of typology, Jung defined personality as extrovert and introvert. However, he talks about four functional personality types and explains that they can be either introvert or extrovert. Accordingly, Jung, who combined two attitudes and four functions, explained eight psychological types.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Case Report

Çiğdem GÖK — 2024-06-24

The study was carried out considering the DSM-V diagnostic criteria. The client showing symptoms is 23 years old and female. Interviews with the client were conducted according to the cognitive behavioral therapy approach. The client stated that he does not feel comfortable in crowded places, he thinks that everyone is looking at him, and that he experiences difficulties in his daily life. She said that she feels a lot of anxiety in the classroom environment, crowded places and public transportation. She stated that she experienced palm and back sweating, increased heart rate, rapid breathing, tremors and high anxiety in these environments. She realized that she was trying to live a limited life, away from crowded places and people. The client applied for treatment at his own request. The client was first given psychoeducation about CBT. Then, information was given about social anxiety disorder. Information was given about what social anxiety disorder is, how it occurs, and coping techniques. An attempt was made to establish a therapeutic relationship with the client. A total of 5 interviews were held with the client. The duration of each meeting is 50 minutes. The interviews were conducted in collaboration with the client. Throughout the psychotherapy process, cognitive and behavioral methods appropriate to the client were used. As a result of the interviews with the client, it was observed that cognitive behavioral therapy applications significantly reduced the symptoms of social anxiety disorder. For this reason, CBT is an effective method in the treatment of social anxiety disorder.

A Research to Determine the Reasons of Quiet Quitting in Accommodation Businesses

Adnan AKIN — 2024-06-24

The situation where employees take less responsibility in businesses, only fulfill the requirements of the job description and perform at a very low level for the business is referred to as quiet quitting. In accommodation businesses, which are more labor-intensive than other businesses, employees' tendency to quiet quitting can cause serious problems in businesses. In this context, the aim of the study is to reveal the reasons for quiet quitting and the possible effects of this situation on accommodation businesses. In addition, it offers some suggestions to prevent quiet quitting among employees in accommodation establishments. For this purpose, a national and international literature review was conducted. Accordingly, it has been determined that reasons such as lack of communication, lack of appreciation, low wages, limited career opportunities, and feeling of worthlessness lead employees to quiet quitting. It has been revealed that the quiet quitting of employees in accommodation businesses leaves the business behind its competitors, imposes additional costs on the business, and causes a decrease in service and product quality due to decreased productivity.

Addressing Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) In Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Case Report

Neslihan AKKOÇ — 2024-06-24

In this study, our 27-year-old client with social phobia was treated according to the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for social anxiety disorder social phobia, according to cognitive behavioral therapy sessions were conducted. Our client has been experiencing intense anxiety that has been going on for the last 1.5 years; showing certain physical symptoms in the community (such as restlessness, sweating, tremors) and intense anxiety. He keeps silent against the injustice done, says that his anxiety increases along with the symptoms of being restless from being in society, staying away from social environments. The complaints of our client meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. He wanted to get support by saying that being uncomfortable with this situation affects his work life and private life too much. Our client was given the necessary information at the first interview, psychoeducation was given about what a social phobia is, and the sessions continued. Our client was told about the progress process of what the school of cognitive behavioral therapy is. According to the cognitive behavioral therapy method, the following sessions, homework assignments and techniques were supported and the negative beliefs he formed in cognition were discussed. The negative basic beliefs we talked about were dealt with according to the school and the coping attitude increased every day, changes in the anxiety level were observed with a positive impression every session with the given techniques.

OHS Solar Power Plant Installation

Tolga POLAT — 2024-06-24

Before installing solar power plants, it is important to plan the project and take occupational health and safety measures to prevent accidents that may occur during the installation of the power plant. The dangers identified before the installation phase, the risks included in the concept of danger and the avoidance of the factors underlying these risks or reducing the inevitable events to the minimum risk level are directly proportional to the regulations applied. Occupational health and safety measures have adopted a proactive approach rather than a reactive approach based on experience and brought this approach to the fore. The aim of this study is to consider the occupational accident risks that may arise during the installation phase of solar power plants, to eliminate the risks, to bring them to an acceptable level and to give information about the precautions that can be taken. The solar power plant studied is Kırıkkale Tüpraş Solar Power Plant, an enterprise with an average energy production capacity of 12.59 Mw, and the hazards and risks involved in the operation were evaluated according to the Fınne-Kınney risk assessment method.

A Systematic Review On Post Borderline And Schema Therapy

Funda OFLAZOĞLU — 2024-06-24

The aim of this systematic review study is to examine the use of schema therapy in individuals with borderline personality disorder. The study employed a systematic review method, and no fieldwork or any scale was used. Randomized controlled trials published in Turkish and English between 2006 and 2023, with abstracts or full texts accessible with relevant keywords on Google Scholar and databases, were interpreted. This review study was conducted in two stages, February 2024 and May 2024. As a result of the screening, 6 studies were included. All the studies included were randomized controlled trials. The conclusion of this study also indicates that schema therapy is highly effective in patients with borderline personality disorder. The findings of this review suggest that schema therapy may help in providing long-term lifestyle and behavioral changes, and it has been observed as an effective therapy method in accelerating recovery and achieving results in a short period of time.

A Systematic Review on Post Vaginismus and CBT Therapy

Selin KAHILOĞULLARI — 2024-06-24

The purpose of this systematic review study is to examine the use of CBT therapy in individuals experiencing vaginismus disorder. In this study, the systematic review method was used and no field study or any scale was used. Experimental studies and randomized controlled studies, published in Turkish and English in Google Scholar databases between 2016 and 2021, and whose abstracts or full text can be accessed with the relevant keywords, are interpreted. This compilation study was carried out in two stages: February 2024 and May, 2024. As a result of the screening, 6 studies were considered. All studies discussed is randomized controlled studies. As a result of this study, it is seen that cognitive behavioral therapy is largely effective in vaginismus patients. The findings of this review suggest that cognitive behavioral therapy may be helpful in providing long-term lifestyle and behavioral changes, and cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to be a therapy method that accelerates recovery and is an effective method in terms of achieving results in a short time.