The EU-Türkiye Deal and the Eastern Mediterranean Route: A Succes or A Failure

Ayşem Biriz KARAÇAY

doi:10.5281/zenodo.10806362

Yazarlar

Ayşem Biriz KARAÇAY İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-7099

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10806362%20

Anahtar Kelimeler:

AB-Türkiye Mutabakatı- Göç- AB- Dışsallaştırma

Özet

Akdeniz bölgesi, 2015 yılında kitlesel göç hareketlerinde ve göçmen kaçakçılığı hizmetlerinde benzeri görülmemiş bir artışa tanık oldu. Aynı yıl bir milyondan fazla göçmen ve sığınmacı Avrupa'ya geldi ve bunların yüzde 80'inden fazlası Ege Denizi'ni geçerek Türkiye'den Yunan adalarına ulaştı. Avrupa'da istenmeyen "ötekilerin" kitlesel göç yoluyla akını, hem toplumsal hem de politik düzeyde korkulara yol açtı. Devamlı göç baskısına rağmen Avrupa Birliği (AB), özellikle düzensiz göç insan kaçakçılığı ve insan ticaretini azaltarak çok sayıda mülteciyi yönetmek için yeterli çözümler bulmakta zorlandı. Düzensiz göç akışlarıyla başa çıkma çabası kapsamında sınırların dışsallaştırılması, Türkiye gibi AB'nin yakın komşuları için yeni mekansal boyutlar getiriyor. Türkiye için bu dışsallaştırma sürecini kolaylaştıran temel politika araçları arasında 2013 Geri Kabul Anlaşması, 2015 Ortak Eylem Planı ve 18 Mart 2016 tarihli AB-Türkiye Anlaşması yer almaktadır. Bu arka planda, bu makalenin amacı, ilk olarak AB-Türkiye mutabakatını dışsallaştırma politikaları kapsamında değerlendirmek, sonra da AB'nin Türkiye Doğu Akdeniz Rotası boyunca düzensiz sınır geçişlerinin azaltılmasına ilişkin etkisini anlamaktır. Makale, Suriye krizine yanıt olarak uygulanan göç yönetimi stratejilerinin hem Türkiye hem de AB için yeni zorluklar getirdiği sonucuna varmaktadır.

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